Adam Smith’s American Dream free essay sample

The Whybrow’s article â€Å"Adam Smith’s American Dream: of Desire and Debt† provides a critical review of the American Dream applied to a contemporary society. The style of writing is narrative, though is strongly supported by evidence. The author provides relevant examples, suggestions and considerations concerning to topic discussed. The article may be conditionally divided into introductory paragraphs providing the general information about contemporary American society and its problems; main body pointing out the core issues regarding Adam Smiths dream meaning that people are subjected to make debts; conclusion providing summing up of the material and author’s personal suggestions. The article is useful for students as well as scientists and teacher as it provides thorough detailed examination of the case with proper conclusions and suggestions. (Whybrow 2006) In introduction the author claims that some Americans still believe that nobody is able to become wealthy in the country, though there were many fable stories about lucky individuals who due to their hard-working, right running and desired has made their dream come true. We will write a custom essay sample on Adam Smith’s American Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Whybrow 2006) Whybrow says that such stories reflect striving of many Americans to better living. However, many of the dreams are tarnished. The author defines the main problem of the modern business considering that businesses are too fickle, frantic and they are only profit-driven. According to the author to be successful means to be like multitask dynamo. It is summarized that American fast lifestyle is a real source of anxiety, depressions and frustrations as it is difficult for average people to survive. The author characterizes American life to be full of discomfort and discontent due to technology development. For majority of Americans the life nowadays is less satisfactory. According to numerous surveys conducted it is indicated that despite serious economic and political achievement of the country, people   work longer having thus less time for their families. The author concentrates also on American achievements, stating that America is the richest country in the whole world, though the Americans appetites for materials things are expanding. For example, contemporary houses of rich people seem to be cathedrals and palaces, whereas there are people who can’t afford any housing because of lack of money. The author underlines the serious social inequality considering it to be a real gap among society layers. (Whybrow 2006) Whybrow asserts that American nations are in the â€Å"orgy of debt†. The family savings fell to zero meaning that more people remain unemployed. The article provides relevant questions to find out what goes wrong and how the situation can be either changed or improved. It is evident that market society requires money which requires work. Whybrow cites economists who argue that when a person borrows money to make a purchase, it is a rational act. Nevertheless, the author doesn’t share such viewpoint. It is suggested that American society lead industrialized country to a personal debt. It means that American consumers are only victims of corporate exploitation. (Whybrow 2006) Nevertheless, the author finds both explanations mentioned above incomplete. He asserts that by loaning money people become enslaved to the workplace. They are imprisoned by their dreams, because desire drives debt. The situation may be changed if people realize that it is desire, not need, drives them to make debt in order to remain the desired material things. Desire, according to the author, is a serious problem of the modern society. People need to control their human instincts and to learn more neurobiology and history to have clear understanding what is going o with them. Adams Smith was a famous professor of moral psychology who set out simple principles designed â€Å"the free the self-interest of the average working man†. (Whybrow 2006) Smith’s writings were likely to be the guidelines of bedrock of the American economic success. Smith provided information how to survive in capitalist country and to remain humane. The author suggests that smith’s writings are important for understanding the growing discomfort being experienced by American society. It is admitted that Smith’s theory is based mostly on biology of human behavior. Actually Adam smith was the first to rationalize the human instincts and desires within the economic framework. Whybrow cites Smith arguing that contemporary society is driven by self-love and self-interest to achieve the desired outcomes. Most humans are hard-working and ingenious willing to achieve great social benefits. Smith asserts that it is the instinct of self-preservation. The essential complement is the instinctual curiosity meaning the desire to explore new places. Success of market society depends on individuals’ democracies and liberties as well as the freedom of expression. Adams summarized the keys to social improvements suggesting they were curiosity, self-interest, self-preservation, material gains and expressed ambitions. (Whybrow 2006) Whybrow emphases that Smith’s ideas were integral to the vision of the Founding Fathers. Therefore Smith’s ideas found practical application in American nation. It is concluded that American dream nowadays is significantly magnified by globalization processes, technology developments, though social good is paid less attention. The author provides a conclusion the key to success in contemporary America is accumulation of material wealth. It means that American society has built aggressive capitalist system and thus the society has been dramatically changed. (Whybrow 2006) References Whybrow, Peter. (2006). Adam Smith’s American Dream: of Desire and Debt. New York: The City University of New York.

Ryan Henson Essays - Divine Comedy, Hell In Popular Culture

Ryan Henson Mind 180 Essay #2 What is the significance of Virgil's relationship with Dante? The Inferno is an epic poem by Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest poets in the history of western literature. In it, he uses his mastery of language to blend elements of classical literature with a more contemporary Catholic viewpoint. Virgil, the Roman poet, is Dante's guide on this journey through the underworld. He helps to represent the classical elements of the poem. His relationship with the character of Dante in the poem is wide-ranging in importance and symbolism. He is a figure of reason and protection. Dante borrows liberally from Virgil in writing The Inferno. Much of the work resembles the underworld created in Virgil's Aeneid. Thus, Virgil is an obvious choice for a guide in the underworld. Having traversed the territory before, Virgil serves as a figure of knowledge and safety to Dante, who is at times uncertain and timid about traversing such a treacherous terrain. For example, in Canto II Dante hesitates at the Vestibule that marks the entrance to hell. It is only through the reassurance of Virgil's words that he finds fortitude. "Thy words have moved my heart to its first purpose. My guide! My Lord! My Master! Now lead on". 2 At numerous other points also, Virgil shows his authority by dealing with deterrences that occur during their journey. As in Canto III, when the ferryman, Charon, refuses Dante passage since he is a living man. Virgil forces Charon to grant them passage. "Charon, bite back your spleen:/This has been willed where what is willed must be/and is not yours to ask what it may mean." Virgil's influence, however, is limited. His power is associated with the power of reason, and this power is limited in Dante's hell. At the very beginning, Virgil warns Dante of this. He says that at the end of the journey through hell, "a worthier spirit shall be sent to guide you." Virgil cannot accompany Dante on into heaven because his virtues included only reason and not faith. Even at the points when Virgil is functional in clearing the path for the poets, it is only through voicing the fact that their journey is a mandate of heaven. For example, when he and Dante are confronted by Minos, Virgil again silences protests, and again by stating their divine purpose. "It is his fate to enter every door/This has been willed where what is willed must be,/and is not yours to question. Say no more." In these examples, Virgil is used as a sort of mediator of reason between Dante and God. Dante seems to be suggesting that though reason is limited in where it can get you, it can be an important tool in interpreting and understanding 3 one's relationship with the higher power. In this poem, reason and logic are not polar opposites of faith. They can be used together. This point is exemplified by the treatment of the honorable pagans. Though they are condemned to hell by a technicality (they were born before the time of Catholicism), they reign in a glorious part of heaven, in a green meadow surrounded by a citadel. Among these people are Homer, Aristotle, Socrates, and numerous other Greek thinkers and poets. "The signature of honor they left on earth is recognized in Heaven," explains Virgil, "and wins them ease in Hell out of God's favor." Still, however, they are sentenced eternally to Hell, showing the ultimate authority of religion over even the most honorable pagans. This Catholic viewpoint is incorporated thoroughly into Dante's hell. While it still is largely similar to Virgil's underworld in the Aeneid, and it incorporates many pagan themes, God's word supercedes all else. Virgil's limitation of influence is shown at the gate of Dis, which blocks the way to the inner circles of Hell. This gate is guarded by fallen angels. Though they are fallen and are sentenced to an existence in Hell, these souls are of a Heavenly nature. Accordingly, Virgil's influence, being a symbol of reason, falls short with these souls. They must wait for a Heavenly messenger to come before they can proceed to the lower circles of Hell. 4 In addition to being the symbol of reason, Virgil is also a fatherly figure to Dante. Dante frequently

Training Report free essay sample

I express my deepest gratitude towards all the staffs of hotel royal orchid in which they help me out in their esteemed concern in everyday activities of the hotel. And I thank all my friends and team mates who helped me to prepare this report. HISTORY OF BANGALORE Legend goes that king veeraballa of vijayanagara once lost his way in forest hungry and tired, he came upon a lone hut in thick forest where he met an old woman. When he asked for food, she gave him baked beans (‘Benda Kalu†). The king found this humble meal taste better than the richest fare. To commemorate this incident, he called the place â€Å"benda Kalu Ooru†(place of baked beans). Bangalore today is getting popular through for a different variety of beans-java beans Capital of southern state of Karnataka, Bangalore today is Asia’s fastest growing cosmopolitan city. It is the home to some of the most high tech industries in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Training Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The I. T industry in views Bangalore as the â€Å"byte-basket† of India. Bangalore is also home to some of India’s premier scientific establishments. Blessed with a salubrious climate, gardens parks, natural lakes, architectural landmarks, shopping malls, the best restaurants and pubs in this part of the globe, business opportunities, Bangalore is the ideal gateway to India and beyond. Bangalore offers something for everyone music and dance concerts (western and Indian), dramas, exhibitions, carnivals, conferences and more.

Fertility Drugs Functions and Side Effects

Fertility Drugs Functions and Side Effects For patients and medical practitioners alike, the sheer quest to surmount infertility is an obsessive one entailing not only a struggle on the physical dimension but also a struggle on the emotional and spiritual front.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Fertility Drugs: Functions and Side Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each month without signs of pregnancy engineer another round of frustrating and emotive questions among couples, which soon develops into feelings of resentment, finger-pointing and blame-apportioning. Documented research demonstrates that these negative outcomes have, in more than one occasion, led to marriage breakups in the absence of proper intervention measures such as counseling or medical intervention (Cooper Glazer 38). Indeed, the panorama associated with conceiving, giving birth, and starting a family may be so momentous that it obliges couples, especially women, to consider every avenue of reinstating fertility, from the simplest to the most bizarre. Pushed to the limits, most individuals opt for fertility drugs. It is the purpose of this paper to critically evaluate the functions and side-effects of fertility-enhancing drugs with a view to demonstrate that their benefits outweigh social and health costs. Fertility drugs, also called ovulation-inducing drugs (OIDs), are medications that are mainly used to influence the biological process of ovulation. According to Ayhan et al., â€Å"ovulation-inducing drugs have been widely used for various types of infertility since the beginning of 1960s and their use increases day by day parallel to the success achieved in fertility treatment†[1] (1104). Al-Shawaf et al. asserts that the development and dissemination of OIDs generated the opportunity for a vast proportion of the unproductive population to create children (513). These drugs work by enhancing ovulation by arousing or stimulating the victimâ⠂¬â„¢s brain to get an egg ready and discharge it from her ovaries every month (Pendzich para. 9). Some of the most commonly used fertility drugs include Clomiphene Citrate, Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, Recombinant Gonadotrophin, Repronex, and Bromocriptine (Chavis para 3; Singer 45). One of the most basic uses of fertility drugs is to restore the reproductive capacities of infertile individuals. Clomiphene functions to achieve this purpose by stimulating the pituitary gland to generate adequate follicle-stimulating hormones, which are the hormones that are primarily responsible for triggering ovulation (Mix 89). The medication, taken in pill form daily, triggers the ovaries to prepare some eggs for ovulation.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Immediately therapy is discontinued, the hypothalamus gland discharges a luteinizing hormone which responsively trig gers the ovaries to discharge a ready egg to the section where fertilization takes pace – the fallopian tubes. According to Pendzich, â€Å"†¦about 70 to 90 percent of women who take Clomiphene will ovulate, and of those who ovulate, 20 to 60 percent will get pregnant†[2] (para. 10). Another commonly used fertility drug is Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (hMG). This drug, according to Pendzich, â€Å"†¦consists of purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which occasions a woman to develop egg follicles after being injected with the drug (para. 11). Immediately after completion of the injections, the woman is then injected with another hormone named human chorionic gonadotropin, which functions to arouse the ovaries to discharge the mature eggs that ostensibly develops after weeks of receiving hMG. This drug is normally given to estrogen-deficient women or those who fail to respond to first-line treatment drugs such as Clomiphene. According to Pendzich, â€Å"†¦the rate of multiple births [for women using the drug] is close to 20 percent†¦About 70 to 90 percent of women who take hGM will ovulate, and of those who ovulate, 20 to 60 percent will get pregnant†[3] (para. 11). Lastly, this paper will discuss Bromocriptine – a fertility-enhancing drug that can either be taken orally or applied as a vaginal gel (Pendzich para. 12; Mix 92). The drug has the potent efficacy of inhibiting the pituitary’s production and release of prolactin, a hormone that is closely associated with reduced estrogen levels, hence inhibiting ovulation. This way, the ovaries are given the opportunity to produce the desired eggs. Available statistics suggests that â€Å"†¦90 percent of the women who take Bromocriptine will ovulate as long as they continue taking the drug†¦Of the women who ovulate, 65 to 85 percent will get pregnant†[4] (Pendzich para. 12).Advertising We will write a custom researc h paper sample on Fertility Drugs: Functions and Side Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having discussed how various fertility drugs functions, it is imperative to note at this stage that many of these drugs compliment each other in the quest to restore fertility, and no single drug has ever proven to be the wonder drug (Jensen et al 132). As such, personalized leads may have to be pursued from all likely angles, and personalized problem-solving approaches may have to be attempted again and again before an appropriate diagnosis is achieved, reproductive health restored, and a tangible pregnancy attained (Cooper Glazer 23). The side-effects of fertility drugs range from mild to serious, and sometimes, life-threatening. It is the object of this paper to divide the side-effects into two – mild and serious – for purposes of evaluating possible social and health costs. According to Al-Shawaj et al., some of the mild side-eff ects occasioned by fertility drugs include: mood swings, headaches, abdominal tenderness, dizziness, dry cervical mucus, simple cyst development, weight gain, mild ovarian enlargement, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, menopausal problems, allergic reactions, ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome, immune reaction, and low blood pressure (515-523). Parazzini et al argues that these side-effects are drug-specific, and some side-effects caused by specific drugs are more serious than others (1373). This argument reinforces the fact that the operational mode of fertility-enhancing drugs is interestingly divergent, thus the need for individualized attention (â€Å"The Need For† para. 1). The above notwithstanding, fertility drugs have the capacity to occasion life-threatening side-effects. Although it has never been authentically proved, scientists and medical practitioners believe there is a close correlation between fertility-enhancing drugs and ovarian cancer (Parazzini et al 1372). According to Al-Shawaj et al., â€Å"†¦ovarian cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancy, the deadliest gynecological malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the U.S.†[5] (518).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fertility inducing agents have also been closely associated with breast cancer – the most common cancer affecting women globally. Indeed, concerns have been raised that women with an ovulatory infertility are at increased risk of suffering from breast cancer, but scientists are yet to offer concrete evidence linking breast cancer to fertility drugs (Al-Shawaj et al 519). Other seminal studies have also demonstrated that infertile women, in general, bears no excess risk of suffering from breast cancer compared with their fertile counterparts in the general population (Venn et al 1574). In equal measure, the risk of cancerous tumors in children conceived following the use of fertility medications has been reassuringly low as found out in a recent cohort study involving Danish women (Jensen et al 134). Taking the above into consideration, it can safely be argued that many of the perceived serious consequences ostensibly caused by fertility drugs so far remains a specter of imagi nation for lack of adequate substantiation. It is indeed true that ovulation-stimulating drugs increases the rate of pregnancy loss (Singer 102), not mentioning the fact that they also increase the chances of conceiving multiple pregnancies and autism spectrum disorder (Keller para. 1). These risks, however, cannot be equated with the joy of having children, the method of conceiving notwithstanding. Fertility drugs, just like other prescriptions, are used to treat a medical condition that affects and distresses one in six couples[6] – infertility. The therapy of these drugs carries complications and impediments as does any other medical therapy and it needs to be scrutinized and evaluated in this broad perspective. As such, it is prudent to postulate that fertility drugs are useful since their benefits far outweigh the perceived risks. End Notes Ayhan, A., Salman, M.C., Celik, H., Dursun, P., Ozyungu, O., Gulteknm, M. Association between Fertility Drugs and Gynecological C ancers, Breast Cancer, and Childhood Cancers. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Sc and Inavica 83.12 (2004): 1104-1111 Pendzich, M. Fertility Drugs: Are they worth it? 2008 Pendzich 2008 Pendzich 2008 Al-Shawaj, T., Zosmer, A., Dirnfeld, M., Grudzinskas, G. Safety of Drugs Used in Assisted Reproduction Techniques. Drug Safety 28.6 (2005): 513-528 Al-Shawaj et al 2005 Al-Shawaj, T., Zosmer, A., Dirnfeld, M., Grudzinskas, G. Safety of Drugs Used in Assisted Reproduction Techniques. Drug Safety 28.6 (2005): 513-528. Ayhan, A., Salman, M.C., Celik, H., Dursun, P., Ozyungu, O., Gulteknm, M. Association between Fertility Drugs and Gynecological Cancers, Breast Cancer, and Childhood Cancers. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Sc and Inavica 83.12 (2004): 1104-1111. Chavis, J. Types of Fertility Drugs. 2010. Web. Cooper, S.L., Glazer, E.S. (1994). Beyond Infertility: The New Paths to Parenthood. London: Lexington Books. Jensen, A., Sharif, H., Svare, E.I., Frederiksen, K., Kjaer, S.K. Risk of Breast Cancer after Exposure to Fertility Drugs: Results from a Large Danish Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention 16.3 (2007): 132-145. Keller, D.M. Study suggests Infertility and Use of Fertility Drugs Increases Risk for Autism. Web. Mix, T. The Price of Ovulation. The Truth about Fertility Drugs and Birth Defects and a Solution to the Problem. Boston, MA: Tendrill Press. 2005. Parazzini, F., Pelucchi, C., Negri, E., Francesclus, S., Talamini, R., Mentella, M., Vechia, C.L. Use of Fertility Drugs and Risk of Ovarian Cancer. Human Reproduction 16.7 (2001): 1372-1375. Pendzich, M. Fertility Drugs: Are they worth it? 2008. Web. Singer, K. The Garden of Fertility: A Guide to Charting your Fertility Signals to Prevent or Achieve Pregnancy – Naturally – and to Gauge your Reproductive Health. New York: Penguin Books. The need for an Individualized Approach to COH. (n.d.). Web. Venn, A., Watson, L., Bruinsmi, F., Giles, G., Healy, D. Risk of Can cer after use of Fertility Drugs with In-Vitro Fertilization. Lancet 6.354 (1999): 1573-1584.

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example 9). He has the right to use such information for completing his duties rather than using it for its own purpose. However, any information used by him should first be approved by the concerned parties. It is necessary to maintain and follow professional standards while carrying out these kinds of duties. (ii) In this case, there is a breach of duty, which can be seen when Wendy performs the duty of a company secretary. As an engagement partner of the firm, Wendy has the responsibility of decision-making on significant auditing and accounting functions. The task of an engagement partner is complex and performing the company’s secretarial duties for even a little while will cause distractions in her duties and she would not be able to fulfill these duties effectively. â€Å"Generally, employees should not perform duties outside their job description† (Business Management: Internal Controls for Small Business, 2008, pg.23). It is evident that Wendy is responsible for perfor ming the accounting duties only. So in order to solve this issue, the auditor must provide suggestions to the top level management for the appointment of a new employee who would carry out the duties of the company secretary. ... 17) refers to the risk that arises in the methods adopted by the auditor to decrease audit risk. Whereas, material misstatement risk refers to the risk that occur when financial records are materially misstated prior to audit. It involves â€Å"inherent and control risk† (Christopher, 2012, slide. 17). In the first case, the company faces cost cutting and margin falling issues. â€Å"Cost cutting and pricing pressures are key risks to the business agenda† (Turn Risk and Opportunities into results 2013 The CFO Perspective- at a Glance, n.d, para. 3). Stress to cutting the costs comes not only from internal forces that function to protect margins but also from outside sources. The company pursues cost cutting plans and they expect rising competence from their partners and suppliers. In this situation, the company faces inherent risk in doing the business as nobody is aware of the occurrence of this risk.   (ii)   In the second situation, Getaway Pty Ltd faces the audi t risk in not carrying out the conservative business strategies effectively. The company faces inherent risk while reducing audit risk to a certain level. â€Å"The auditor will spend quite a bit of time at the early planning stages obtaining information to assess these risks so that â€Å"the engagement is performed in an effective manner† (Burke, n.d, pg. 1). The managers can make a decision, regarding business risks that occur due to poor information management, by determining if the time that they themselves and their assistants spend in gathering data is already available or not. Another method of measuring these risks is by observing performance data regularly and checking if reports are late or missing. 3. (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the successful

Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Consumer behavior - Essay Example Bargh (2002) explains that motivations are inner forces that cause consumers to take action towards satisfying their needs. When a marketer understands the motivating factors that trigger a consumer to visit a show room or actually recognize a need to buy a car, he can get a competitive edge in the industry. Motivation is an important factor especially for Sunny Nissan as the marketing team of the car should understand the motivational factors that will cause the consumers to pay attention to the brand and actually become motivated enough to purchase the car (Nissan 2009) . However, Michael and Dann (2007) point out that recognizing these motivating factors are essential so that the marketers can use these factors in the advertisements or the sales personnel can use these motivating cues to make the consumer want the brand more and encourage him to buy the car. Folkes (1988) adds that knowing about these motivational factors will give Sunny an edge and the marketing efforts will be p roductive as they will affect the consumers. For example featuring a family in the advertisement and how a better looking car resolves family commuting issues and gives the owner a social acceptance will make the viewer relate it to his own personal needs and he may actually be motivated enough to go pout and buy the car. Motivation as Bagozzi and Dholakia (1999) describe therefore is an attempt to recognize the consumer behavior at a micro level. It is when the marketer tries to understand the consumer at an individual or personal level which is very difficult to assess and gauge. The main motivation theory is based on the need factor. With Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, the categories of need can be recognized as physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self actualization needs. As per the theory, Bargh (2002) explains that the need for Sunny will lie under the social need category. This is

Alternative Forms of work Arragements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alternative Forms of work Arragements - Essay Example This type of job is home based so I basically I will be working from home. Working from home or having an office at home has a lot of advantages. First, I do not have to beat the morning traffic in going to the office. That would save me a lot of time, effort, gasoline money and stress. I also do not have to dress up just to work. The energy and time I saved from commuting to work can instead be channeled to a productive job making my job output better. Also, I do not have to dress up before I could work again saving me time, money and energy. Above all, I can work right at the comfort of my own home where I am at my optimum best because I am very comfortable with my surrounding. There are few disadvantages to it however. First is technical support. As a Digital Specialist, there might be issues that I would encounter from customers that I am not aware of that they need answers from me. I will not have an immediate support from peers or superior because I am away from the office. Of course I can always ask for help through online facility but the response time may take a while. Also, working from home may jack up my electric bills because I will be paying for the electricity that I will be using while